Explain the course of the First Roman Civil War Essay

Explain the course of the First Roman Civil War - Essay Example To counter the Germanic invasions, Gaius Marius recruited a large number of people from the non-propertied class into the army. After expiry of their stint with the army, with no farms to return to, they depended on their generals for livelihood. The Generals utilized the power of the following to their advantage to wrest more authority. The first successful military coup was that of Sulla in 88 BC. Sulla made efforts to set right the situation but the power-hungry generals sabotaged the settlement after he died and that led to the war between Pompey and Caesar. Caesar won and appointed himself as the dictator for life. Before that he continued to destroy the resistance and in 46 BC he reached Iberia to fight war for the defeat of sons of Pompey. By temperament Caesar was a democratic ruler and he argued, â€Å"There shall be free elections and the Senate and the Roman people shall be in full control of the government. To facilitate this and fix the terms and ratify them with an oath, I suggest that Pompey either comes to meet me or allows me to meet him. By submitting our differences, to mutual discussion, we shall settle them all.†(40) But he was assassinated by some senators led by one of his close friends, Brutus, and the situation was out of hand again. His heir Augustus (former Octavian) with Mark Anthony fought against the killers and defeated them. They ruled the empire but war erupted amongst these two as well and Anthony was defeated. The shrewd Octavian succeeded in hammering out the settlement to restore the Republic, assumed reserve powers to control the legions and stalled the competition amongst the ambitious generals. He defeated Anthony and Cleopatra (who committed suicide) and declared himself as the Emperor of Rome in

Need an Integrated Marketing Communications Approach by UPS & Case Study

Need an Integrated Marketing Communications Approach by UPS & Promotional Objective - Case Study Example The researcher states that UPS was finding it tough to convince customers of its capabilities in this synchronized commerce market space. Hence, it felt the need for taking an integrated marketing communications approach to convey its new positioning. The promotional objective of this new repositioning strategy was to build a sort of bridge between its old perception by the customers and its desired positioning. This led UPS to change its logo, adopt the color brown in its logo and marketing campaigns and hiring a new advertising agency. The idea was to make consumers aware of the new business lines, invite calls from them and then convert those calls into business. UPS wanted different marketing strategies for different sets of audiences or stakeholders. Therefore, it segregated them into 4 different categories from the business point of view and consumers formed the fifth category. These categories exhibited characteristics which were distinct from each other. There were shipping d ecision makers in manufacturing firms while the people were widely distributed in service firms. There were small independent business owners on one side and senior business decision makers on the other. The needs of these 4 categories were unique and hence required to be dealt separately. It was not appropriate to use a single marketing campaign for these 4 different types of audiences. Hence, it made sense for UPS to take four different approaches to marketing. Brand recall rate is the degree to which a brand name is remembered by the consumers as belonging to a brand, product, service or company. Brand recall significantly increases the probability of a brand being preferred or bought by the customer. Before the marketing campaign with the use of Brown color, UPS faced a big issue of brand recall in categories other than package shipping and delivery. Hence, the main purpose of its marketing campaign was to make consumers aware of its product lines so that they can recall the bra nd name of UPS whenever that product line is talked about.